我将此正则表达式用于SIP（会话发起协议）URI，以提取不同的内部变量。
_syntax = re.compile('^(?P<scheme>[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\+\-\.]*):' # scheme
+ '(?:(?:(?P<user>[a-zA-Z0-9\-\_\.\!\~\*\'\(\)&=\+\$,;\?\/\%]+)' # user
+ '(?::(?P<password>[^:@;\?]+))?)@)?' # password
+ '(?:(?:(?P<host>[^;\?:]*)(?::(?P<port>[\d]+))?))' # host, port
+ '(?:;(?P<params>[^\?]*))?' # parameters
+ '(?:\?(?P<headers>.*))?$') # headers
m = URI._syntax.match(value)
if m:
self.scheme, self.user, self.password, self.host, self.port, params, headers = m.groups()
我需要修改此表达式以支持IPv6并匹配所有不同类型的SIP URI。基本思想是IPv4显示的格式为192.168.0.1和IPv6 2620：0：2ef0：7070：250：60ff：fe03：32b7。因为端口号在：之后，所以IPv6在SIP URI的中间。
其一般形式为：
sip：user：password @ host：port; uri-parameters？headers
这些是一些示例：
uriList = [
'sip:192.1.2.3',
'sip:[email protected]',
'sip:192.1.2.3:5060',
'sips:123@[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]',
'sip:[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]',
'sip:[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]:5060',
'sips:[email protected]',
'sip:[email protected]:6000',
'sip:thks.ashwin:[email protected]',
]
输出量
Scheme: sip, User: , Host: 192.1.2.3, Port:
Scheme: sip, User: 123, Host: 192.1.2.3, Port:
Scheme: sip, User: , Host: 192.1.2.3, Port: 5060
Scheme: sips, User: 123, Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port:
Scheme: sip, User: , Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port:
Scheme: sip, User: , Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port: 5060
Scheme: sips, User:support , Host: voip.example.com
Scheme: sip, User:22444032 , Host: voip.example.com, Port: 6000
Scheme: sip, User:thks.ashwin, Password:pass ,Host: 212.123.1.213
我试图修改主机表达式以匹配[IPv6]和IPv4表达式，但是没有运气=´（
我一直在使用https://pythex.org/来测试结果。
参考方案
您的示例中没有标题和参数，因此我不知道它们如何显示。但是您可以使用以下代码来匹配示例字符串：
[EDIT1-添加了正则表达式以匹配主机名字符串和对用户：密码的支持，基于OP的新示例URI]
[EDIT2-添加了参数和标头正则表达式，并在正则表达式的“或”部分添加了更多注释]
import re
uriList = [
'sip:192.1.2.3',
'sip:[email protected]',
'sip:192.1.2.3:5060',
'sip:123@[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]',
'sip:[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]',
'sip:[2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7]:5060',
'sips:[email protected]',
'sip:[email protected]:6000',
'sip:support:[email protected]',
'sip:support:[email protected];urlparams=test',
'sip:support:[email protected]?auth=basic',
'sip:support:[email protected];urlparams=test?auth=basic',
]
mPattern = re.compile(
'(?P<scheme>\w+):' #Scheme
+'(?:(?P<user>[\w\.]+):?(?P<password>[\w\.]+)?@)?' #User:Password
+'\[?(?P<host>' #Begin group host
+'(?:\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})|' #IPv4 address Host Or
+'(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}):){7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|' #IPv6 address Host Or
+'(?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]+\.)+[0-9A-Za-z]+)'#Hostname string
+')\]?:?' #End group host
+'(?P<port>\d{1,6})?' #port
+'(?:\;(?P<params>[^\?]*))?' # parameters
+'(?:\?(?P<headers>.*))?' # headers
)
groupNamesList = ['scheme', 'user', 'password', 'host', 'port', 'params', 'headers'] #List of group Names
for uri in uriList: #iterate through the list of uri
mObject = mPattern.search(uri) #pattern search
if mObject: #if you find a match
groupStrings = [mObject.group(groupName) if mObject.group(groupName) else '' for groupName in groupNamesList] #extract your groupStrings
print('Scheme: {0}, User: {1}, Password: {2}, Host: {3}, Port: {4}, Params: {5}, Headers: {6}'.format(*groupStrings)) #print groupStrings
我得到的输出：
Scheme: sip, User: , Password: , Host: 192.1.2.3, Port: , Params: , Headers:
Scheme: sip, User: 123, Password: , Host: 192.1.2.3, Port: , Params: , Headers:
Scheme: sip, User: , Password: , Host: 192.1.2.3, Port: 5060, Params: , Headers:
Scheme: sip, User: 123, Password: , Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port: , Params: , Headers:
Scheme: sip, User: , Password: , Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port: , Params: , Headers:
Scheme: sip, User: , Password: , Host: 2620:0:2ef0:7070:250:60ff:fe03:32b7, Port: 5060, Params: , Headers:
Scheme: sips, User: support, Password: , Host: voip.example.com, Port: , Params: , Headers:
Scheme: sip, User: 22444032, Password: , Host: voip.example.com, Port: 6000, Params: , Headers:
Scheme: sip, User: support, Password: pass, Host: 212.123.1.213, Port: , Params: , Headers:
Scheme: sip, User: support, Password: pass, Host: 212.123.1.213, Port: , Params: urlparams=test, Headers:
Scheme: sip, User: support, Password: pass, Host: 212.123.1.213, Port: , Params: , Headers: auth=basic
Scheme: sip, User: support, Password: pass, Host: 212.123.1.213, Port: , Params: urlparams=test, Headers: auth=basic
试试看，看看是否适合您
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